# N05_E18 Great Lakes pilot: 1803–1805 official treaty-text crosswalk **Research date:** 2026-08-10 UTC **Sector:** `N05_E18` — canonical 24 × 24 grid cell, 37.5–45.0° N and 270–285° E (90–75° W) **Anchor:** Merrillville, Indiana, approximately 41.4828° N, 87.3327° W **Time band:** `1800-1950` industrial transition, with primary treaty observations dated 1803–1805 **Status:** official printed treaty-text retrieval and crosswalk; no derived score and no `provisional_quadrant` ## Selected unresolved path The preceding primary-scan note inspected Archive.org images for Ratified Indian Treaties 36, 44, and 47 but left the handwritten article text unresolved. This run follows the next search path by retrieving the corresponding official printed texts in *Statutes at Large*, Volume 7, through GovInfo. The printed text is treated as a contemporary government publication of the ratified treaty text, not as a replacement for the Archive.org images, Indigenous/community interpretation, a treaty map, or implementation records. ## Spatial and evidence boundary The fixed cell is a large mixed land/water sector. The treaty sites and legal descriptions cover regional or multi-sector areas: Fort Wayne on the Miami of the Lake, Fort Industry on the Miami of the Lake and the Connecticut Reserve/Great Lakes east, and Grouseland near Vincennes with Wabash, White River, Ohio, and Indiana Territory references. Some named rivers, latitude lines, and routes may intersect or border the broad N05_E18 region, but no treaty parcel or boundary was mapped into the fixed 24 × 24 cell in this run. The observations below are therefore regional institutional and legal-geography evidence, not cell-wide measurements. ## Raw observations — official printed treaty text ### A. Ratified Indian Treaty 36 — Fort Wayne, June 7, 1803 - **Official source:** *Statutes at Large*, Volume 7, pp. 74–76; GovInfo PDF `STATUTE-7-Pg74.pdf`. - **Source heading/date:** the printed text identifies an agreement between the United States and the Delaware, Shawanoes, Putawatimies, Miamies, Eel River, Weeas, Kickapoos, Piankashaws, and Kaskaskias, made at Fort Wayne on the Miami of the Lake on June 7, 1803; the page heading records proclamation on December 26, 1803. - **Article 1, printed pp. 74–75:** defines the St. Vincennes tract with a geometric description beginning at Point Coupee on the Wabash, including a line toward the mouth of White River, a 72-mile cross-Wabash segment toward the Ohio, and additional bearings back to the place of beginning. - **Article 2, printed p. 75:** records the United States’ relinquishment of claims to lands adjoining or near the described tract. - **Article 3, printed p. 75:** records cession of the great salt spring on Saline Creek, with surrounding land not exceeding four miles square, and an undertaking to deliver up to 150 bushels of salt annually for the tribes’ use. - **Article 4, printed pp. 75–76:** provides for possible sites for houses of entertainment along roads between Vincennes and Kaskaskias and between Vincennes and Clarksville; it also records toll-free ferry crossing for members of treaty tribes during high water where ferries were established. - **Article 5, printed pp. 75–76:** anticipates later boundary alteration if U.S. settlements or locations fell inside Indian country and provides for an equal quantity of replacement land at the east or west end of the tract. - **Evidence status:** the official printed text supports article-level observations about boundaries, salt, roads, ferries, and boundary adjustment. It does not by itself establish the final surveyed geometry, implementation, or relation of any parcel to N05_E18. - **Confidence:** high for printed article wording, page references, parties, date, and the stated legal provisions; unresolved for surveyed geometry, implementation, and fixed-cell relation. ### B. Ratified Indian Treaty 44 — Fort Industry, July 4, 1805 - **Official source:** *Statutes at Large*, Volume 7, pp. 87–89; GovInfo PDF `STATUTE-7-Pg87.pdf`. - **Source heading/date:** the printed text identifies a treaty between the United States and Wyandot, Ottawa, Chipawa, Munsee, Delaware, Shawanee, and Pottawatima nations, held at Fort Industry on the Miami of the Lake on July 4, 1805; the page heading records proclamation on April 24, 1806. - **Article II, printed pp. 87–88:** establishes a future north–south meridian through a boundary on the south shore of Lake Erie, 120 miles west of Pennsylvania’s west boundary, extending north to the U.S. boundary and south to the line established by the Treaty of Greenville. - **Article III, printed p. 88:** states that the Indian nations ceded and relinquished to the United States the lands belonging to the United States lying east of that meridian, with the southern/eastern boundary tied to the Treaty of Greenville line and the northern boundary at the northernmost part of the 41st degree of north latitude. - **Articles IV–V, printed pp. 88–89:** record annual payments totaling $1,000 to specified nations and additional monetary consideration, including amounts associated with the Connecticut Land Company and “Sufferer’s Land”; the text separately describes payment and trust arrangements for Ottawa, Chipawa, and Pottawatima people residing on the Huron River of Lake Erie and nearby. - **Article VI, printed p. 88:** records that the treaty nations were to remain at liberty to fish and hunt within the ceded lands while behaving peaceably. - **Evidence status:** the official text supplies a dated legal boundary description, a 41° N latitude reference, payment/annuity terms, and a continued fishing/hunting provision. It does not demonstrate that the N05_E18 cell lies east of the treaty meridian or within the described cession without a georeferenced boundary reconstruction. - **Confidence:** high for printed article wording, page references, parties, date, and stated boundary/payment/fishing provisions; unresolved for surveyed line placement, implementation, and fixed-cell relation. ### C. Ratified Indian Treaty 47 — Grouseland near Vincennes, August 21, 1805 - **Official source:** *Statutes at Large*, Volume 7, pp. 91–92, with an additional article on p. 92; GovInfo PDF `STATUTE-7-Pg91.pdf`. - **Source heading/date:** the printed text identifies a treaty with the Delaware, Pottawatimies, Miamies, Eel River, and Weas, made at Grouseland near Vincennes on August 21, 1805; the page heading records proclamation on April 24, 1806. - **Article I, printed p. 91:** describes a tract associated with the Delaware claim using the White River on the north, the Ohio and Clark’s Grant on the south, a general boundary line from the mouth of the Kentucky River on the east, and the tract ceded by the Treaty of Fort Wayne and a road to Clark’s Grant on the west and southwest. The Delaware are recorded as relinquishing their claim and releasing the United States from an earlier guarantee. - **Article II, printed p. 91:** records a cession by the Miami, Eel River, and Wea tribes of the country south of a line drawn from the northeast corner of the Fort Wayne tract to the general boundary line toward Fort Recovery, at a stated distance of 50 miles from its commencement on the Ohio River. - **Article III, printed p. 91:** records additional annuities of $600 to the Miamis, $250 to the Eel River tribe, and $250 to the Weas, plus a $500 annuity to the Pottawatimies for ten years, along with $4,000 delivered at the treaty as compensation for the land described in Article II. - **Article IV, printed pp. 91–92:** records a U.S. undertaking to treat the Miamis, Eel River, and Weas as joint owners of unc ceded country on the Wabash and its waters above the Vincennes tract and not to purchase that country without each tribe’s consent; it preserves a possible Kickapoo claim on the Vermillion River. - **Article V, printed p. 92:** records the Putawatimies, Miami, Eel River, and Wea acknowledgment of the Delaware right to sell the tract conveyed by the August 18, 1804 treaty. - **Additional article, printed p. 92:** directs that a boundary line should not cross the Embarras or Drift Wood Fork of White River and, if it did, should be altered to leave the whole fork in Indian territory. - **Evidence status:** the official text provides article-level evidence of contested or layered claims, cession and relinquishment language, annuity/payment terms, Wabash/White River/Ohio/Vermillion references, and an explicit boundary exception. It does not resolve legal effect, consent, implementation, or the spatial relation to N05_E18. - **Confidence:** high for printed article wording, page references, parties, date, and stated provisions; unresolved for surveyed geometry, legal interpretation, implementation, and fixed-cell relation. ## Modern-end bridge The modern side was refreshed rather than inferred from a historical source: - **USGS NLDI hydrolocation query:** `POINT(-87.3327 41.4828)`. - **Returned point/reach observation:** nearest indexed feature at approximately `(-87.3339374, 41.4824398)`, COMID `3399712`, reach code `04040001000480`, measure `10.873528411319496`; the API also returned the supplied anchor point as a separate feature. - **Scope:** this is a current machine-readable point/reach crosswalk. It is not a historical boundary, treaty route, land-tenure record, or cell-wide hydrologic measure. - **Retrieval date:** 2026-08-10 UTC. The modern response and the official treaty text can be placed in a documented regional geography crosswalk, but they are related rather than equivalent evidence systems. No historical channel, route, boundary, or institutional continuity is inferred from the shared presence of waterway names or geographic proximity. ## Source interpretation 1. The follow-up retrieval resolves an important evidence gap in the preceding scan-only note: the 1803–1805 treaty articles are now available in readable official printed form with page-level anchors. 2. Treaty 36 records a legal geography involving the Wabash, White River, Ohio, roads, ferries, salt, and possible boundary replacement land. Treaty 44 records a Lake Erie/41° N meridian boundary, a cession description, financial consideration, and a fishing/hunting provision. Treaty 47 records layered Delaware, Miami, Eel River, Wea, Potawatomi, Kickapoo, Wabash, White River, Ohio, Vermillion, and Fort Wayne references with cession, annuity, and boundary-exception language. 3. These are observations about the wording and structure of a federal printed treaty publication. They are not a claim that the treaty text alone establishes Indigenous consent, the full history of negotiation, implementation, the legitimacy of later boundary use, or the meaning assigned by Potawatomi, Miami, Delaware, Wea, Eel River, Kickapoo, or other communities. 4. The official printed text and the Archive.org scans corroborate the existence and broad identity of the treaty instruments, but the printed text does not remove the need to compare page images, diplomatic variants, maps, survey records, and community-grounded interpretation. 5. The 41° N reference in Treaty 44 falls within the broad latitude span of N05_E18, but that fact alone is not a sector inclusion rule. A meridian and treaty/Greenville boundary reconstruction is required before assigning the treaty to the fixed cell. ## Derived layer No numerical sector score was derived. The run does not calculate treaty acreage, cession area, population, route length, water stress, energy constraint, adaptive capacity, or a quadrant. The bounded crosswalk is: ```text official article text + page anchors + Archive.org scan identity/page inspection + current NLDI point/reach metadata -> stronger regional legal-geography record with unresolved fixed-cell geometry and implementation ``` This is a provenance and evidence-status result, not a model formula. ## Model classification - `provisional_quadrant`: `unresolved` - **Reason:** article text is now readable, but treaty scopes are regional and cross-boundary; no cession/reservation polygon or surveyed line was georeferenced to N05_E18; implementation and community-grounded interpretation remain incomplete; modern NLDI data are point/reach observations; and the pilot’s comparable raw constraint/adaptive-capacity tables are incomplete. - **Model boundary:** `provisional_quadrant` is a model output and is not an archival fact. ## Missingness and uncertainty - `fixed_cell_geometry_unresolved`: no treaty boundary, cession, reservation, or route was georeferenced to the canonical N05_E18 cell. - `implementation_record_missing`: this run did not establish how the stated treaty provisions were surveyed, administered, enforced, or experienced over time. - `community_interpretation_incomplete`: community-authored sources exist in prior notes, but this run did not claim that they interpret every article extracted here. - `historical_measure_not_available`: no comparable treaty-era cell-wide population, water, energy, transport, land-cover, or settlement measure was extracted. - `period_match_uncertain`: 1803–1805 instruments are dated anchors within the broad `1800-1950` band, not a continuous period record. - `source_variant_uncertainty`: official printed text and handwritten scans are corroborating but not assumed identical in every editorial or paleographic detail; page-image comparison remains required for disputed wording. - `not_applicable`: no sector-wide numerical aggregation or model score was attempted. No archival silence, missing map, unresolved implementation record, or uncertain geometry has been converted into zero. ## Next search path 1. Georeference the Fort Wayne, Fort Industry, and Grouseland treaty descriptions using treaty maps, survey plats, boundary monuments, land-office records, and the Treaty of Greenville cross-references; preserve line and polygon uncertainty. 2. Compare the official printed text against the page images for all clauses that may affect boundaries, payments, roads, ferries, fishing/hunting, and replacement land; record page/image references for any variant. 3. Retrieve implementation-era administrative records, annuity/payment ledgers, survey instructions, and later treaty or removal records, keeping legal text, administrative practice, and community interpretation as separate evidence categories. 4. Add tribal-government or community-controlled interpretation specific to these treaty instruments, without substituting it for the federal text or treating the federal text as a complete account. 5. Pair the treaty-era geography with dated 1800–1950 census, route, settlement, hydrologic, and land-use records at a documented spatial scale before deriving any sector variable. 6. Continue the modern 1950–present bridge separately through machine-readable water-quality, population, infrastructure, energy, and remediation sources. ## Provenance register | Evidence | Tier | Identifier / page scope | Date accessed | URL | |---|---|---|---|---| | Official printed Treaty 36 text | A: authoritative federal publication | *Statutes at Large*, Vol. 7, pp. 74–76; GovInfo PDF `STATUTE-7-Pg74.pdf` | 2026-08-10 | | | Official printed Treaty 44 text | A: authoritative federal publication | *Statutes at Large*, Vol. 7, pp. 87–89; GovInfo PDF `STATUTE-7-Pg87.pdf` | 2026-08-10 | | | Official printed Treaty 47 text | A: authoritative federal publication | *Statutes at Large*, Vol. 7, pp. 91–92; GovInfo PDF `STATUTE-7-Pg91.pdf` | 2026-08-10 | | | Treaty 36 scan | A/C: digitized primary federal record | Archive.org `7.-fort-wayne`; `7. Fort Wayne.pdf`, inspected scan pages retained in prior note; NAID `90029845` | 2026-08-10 | | | Treaty 44 scan | A/C: digitized primary federal record | Archive.org `15.-wyandot`; `15. Wyandot.pdf`, inspected scan pages retained in prior note; NAID `170281484` | 2026-08-10 | | | Treaty 47 scan | A/C: digitized primary federal record | Archive.org `18.-delaware-vinecennes`; `18. Delaware - Vinecennes.pdf`, inspected scan pages retained in prior note; NAID `77433899` | 2026-08-10 | | | National Archives treaty catalog links | A: authoritative catalog | Treaty numbering, titles, and NAID cross-reference | 2026-08-10 | | | Current NLDI hydrolocation crosswalk | A: authoritative machine-readable API | Anchor `POINT(-87.3327 41.4828)`; COMID `3399712`; reach `04040001000480`; retrieved 2026-08-10 | 2026-08-10 | | ## Bottom line This run materially improves the N05_E18 historical record without assigning unsupported precision. It adds official printed, page-anchored article text for the three previously inspected 1803–1805 treaty scans, documenting regional boundary, cession/relinquishment, annuity/payment, road/ferry, fishing/hunting, and waterway provisions. The result remains a bounded regional legal-geography crosswalk: fixed-cell treaty geometry, survey and implementation history, community-specific interpretation, archaeological corroboration, comparable cell-wide measures, derived scores, and `provisional_quadrant` remain unresolved.